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American Palestine Line
The American Palestine Line was a steamship company, formed in 1924 in the U.S., for the purpose of providing direct passenger service from New York to Palestine and was reportedly the first steamship company owned and operated by Jews. The company negotiated to purchase three ocean liners from the United States Shipping Board, but it was only able to purchase one, , a former North German Lloyd steamer that operated as ''Princess Alice'' before being seized by the United States during World War I. After refurbishing the liner, the company inaugurated service between New York and Palestine in March 1925, when ''President Arthur'' sailed on her maiden voyage. A crowd of 15,000 witnessed ceremonies that included songs, prayers, and speeches in English and Yiddish. The company claimed that ''President Arthur'' was the first ocean liner to fly the Zionist flag at sea and the first ocean liner ever to have female officers.〔( "Elizabeth Chisolm Engaged to Wed" ), ''The New York Times'', March 9, 1925. Accessed July 9, 2008. "The President Arthur will be the first ship in 2,000 years to sail under the Zionist Flag."〕
The line had labor difficulties and financial difficulties throughout its existence. On ''President Arthur'' 's first trip in 1925, rumors of a mutiny were reported in ''The New York Times'', and several crew members got into an altercation with members of the Blackshirts, the Italian fascist paramilitary group, when the liner made an intermediary stop in Naples. On her second voyage, the ship's master-at-arms was killed by a fellow crew member. Financial difficulties included unpaid bills and resultant court actions as well as accusations of fraud against company officers that were leveled in the press. In late 1925 the company was placed in the hands of a receiver; ''President Arthur''—after a two-alarm fire in her forward cargo hold—ended up back in the hands of the United States Shipping Board (USSB), and the company's office furniture and fixtures were sold at auction in early 1926.
== Background ==
The newly formed American Palestine Line, reportedly the first ever steamship company owned and operated by Jews, began working to institute direct passenger service from New York to Palestine. To that end, the company began negotiations with the United States Shipping Board (USSB) to purchase three former German ocean liners, sister ships and and the smaller .〔Davis, p. 148.〕〔The three liners had operated under the names of (Bonsor, Vol. 1, p. 410), (Drechsel, pp. 338–39), and (Drechsel, p. 341), respectively, in German passenger service.〕 On October 9, 1924, the American Palestine Line's president—Jacob S. Strahl, a New York Supreme Court justice—announced the purchase of ''President Arthur'' from the USSB, with plans to begin the Palestine service the following March.〔 Strahl also publicly announced American Palestine's intent to acquire ''President Fillmore'' at the same time;〔 plans
for that acquisition and that of ''Mount Clay'', however, never materialized.〔Bonsor, Vol. 1, p. 410; Drechsel, p. 341.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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